識無吾 李璨光個人網誌 2026-08-24T00:00:00Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/ Tsan-Kuang "TK" Lee 李璨光 關於本站 2026-08-24T07:48:15Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/0748-about-關於本站/

歡迎來到李璨光的網誌《識無吾》。關於網誌名稱由來及心路歷程，請見識無吾一文。本篇主要是網站內容的簡介。

至於網站的設計與使用方法，請見使用指南。

網站內容

這裡集結了我從1990年以來的各類文章。每篇文章會按其主題上標籤。

我主業是軟體工程，副業是音樂作曲，學生時期受過文學與語言學的薰陶與訓練，也曾經歷深刻的自我轉化，所以我最常分享的主題是科技、音樂、文化觀察評論，以及個人的內省。

另外，多年來發表、分享的經驗，也讓我對媒體、平台、社群的互動有些許後設思考。

與時俱進

早期網站版本在內容與後設內容上，都反映出當時的網路生態：我寫的內容、我寫的主題、我為何而寫、我如何呈現，以及我的寫作如何與世界互動，這些都隨著時間而改變。

比方說，在網際網路不發達時期，我寫的內容有不少是為了傳遞一般人不易取得的資訊。之後雖然網路稍普及，但全文搜尋引擎還未成熟，網路的資源要靠人工編成目錄，我的內容也包括整理有用的網址。

網路科技持續進化的同時，我也期許自己對教育使用者有所貢獻。像是關於廣告信的防堵，特定電腦病毒的解法，關於台灣學生抄襲問題的討論，及與讀者互動討論。

全文搜尋引擎成熟後，大眾較易尋得原始資訊，我分享的重點放在複雜度高些、網上不易找到的整合內容。比方說，早期中文亂碼問題的解法，或是我為多鍵盤寫的驅動程式，或是如何讓兩人同時獨立各別使用同一台電腦，以及給作曲者製作演奏用總譜與分譜的實際建議。

今日，AI 可以直接解決許多問題，我也在重新思考分享內容、方式、以及意義。

本站設計哲學：歷史保存

這些演變，網站記錄了下來。它見證了世界的變化，更是我個人的成長記錄。

本站透過以文章為主軸的設計來保存這段歷史——所有的內容都是一篇帶有日期的文章。舉例來說，您在讀的這篇「關於本站」就是一篇帶有日期的文章；如果我寫了新的「關於本站」，舊的文章仍會被保存下來，而選單只需連結至新文章即可。「留言討論」表單是一篇文章，「使用指南」也是一篇文章。像這樣文章，大多都會標上 Meta-Blog 的主題標籤。

現實考慮，我的保存工作只能涵蓋我自己的網站；我文章中引用的許多外部資源早已消失。所幸 Archive.org 保存了相當多（雖然不是全部）的內容，供懷舊的考古學家們挖掘。

因此，失效的舊連結原樣保留。

老文章經歷不同編輯器、系統、平台、格式，在形式上難免有所失真；這點我沒那麼執著於保留原樣。自己文章的錯別字，我也儘量改正。

倒是早期不成熟的內容與拙劣的文句，我保留下來作為個人歷史的一部分。

補完計畫

過去十多年來，社群媒體變成大眾主要交流方式。我大部分的思想交流移到社群媒體，因此自己的網誌有了很長一段空窗期。另外，也有一些文章我原來沒有發表。

我打算漸漸把這些之前未收錄過的內容整理上來，標上原來寫作日期。近期加入的舊文章，會出現在文章總表的收錄時間點，並標上「✨ 新收錄」。

讀者互動與人工過濾

早期讀者直接寫信給我，我再轉貼我們交換的內容。後來的網站，可以讓讀者直接留言，並馬上顯示，互動方便許多。

但多年來我的舊網誌系統收到大量的廣告留言，也有詐騙與偷竊密碼的惡意連結。有種對治方式是要求讀者實名登錄後才能留言，但這造成不便，降低隱私性也讓部分讀者猶豫。

因此，這一代新系統，我請讀者用留言表格，我過濾後再公開。

希望這只是人類文明見山不是山的過渡期，有一天我們能真的學會尊重與愛護彼此。

]]> 網站使用指南 2026-08-22T22:12:09Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/2212-site-help-and-usage-guide-網站使用指南/ 歡迎來到我的網誌！以下是一些能讓您獲得更好閱讀體驗的提示。

❓ 使用指南

點擊頁面右上角的問號圖示（?）即可進入本頁面（網站使用指南）。您可以隨時使用瀏覽器的「上一頁」功能返回原處。

🌐 閱讀語言設定

我以多語寫作，所以過去常要翻譯自己文章（這些文章會標註為「作者翻譯」），而大部分時候我實在沒有餘力翻。但有了現代科技，我可以不必自己翻了。

本網誌為雙語網站（英文與繁體中文），並支援多種其他語言的即時翻譯。您可以隨時用畫面上方的 （地球圖示）切換語言。順道一提，點擊地球圖示可以將語言選單縮小，讓版面更為簡潔。

網站會記住您的選擇，直到您重選為止。

☰ 選單

點擊左上角的漢堡圖示 ☰ 可以展開網站選單，包含以下功能：

  • 搜尋全站（使用 Google）
  • 語言切換（如前述）
  • 文章總表（依收錄時間排序的文章與摘要。近期收錄的早期文章會標上「✨ 新收錄」）
  • 時間總軸（以寫作時間呈現所有文章標題）
  • 主題標籤（依主題尋找文章）
  • 關於本站（關於本網誌新一代的背景與內容）
  • 留言討論
  • 使用指南（本頁）
  • 訂閱內容（提供 RSS）

本站獨特的設計

這裡集結了我從1990年以來的各類文章。關於本站特殊的設計哲學，文章分類，歷史演化，以及對於過期內容的處理方式，請見關於本站一文。

]]> 留言 2026-08-22T18:30:00Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/1830-contact-comment-聯絡留言/ 如果您要對我某篇文章做回應，請直接在該篇文章回應。一般通訊，請填寫下方表格。

]]> 識無吾 2026-08-17T23:07:00Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/2307-kNOw-self-識無吾/ 無論您是1990年來就一直關注我文章，還是剛發現這裡，歡迎光臨我的網誌《識無吾》(kNOw self)。

這新名稱蘊含三重意義，同時也是我多年來旅程的寫照。

首先，它代表我對古希臘哲學中「認識自己」（識吾）的追求。其次，這標題也代表我想讓朋友更「認識我」（識吾），建立有意義的連結。最後，它呼應了佛教中「無我」（無吾）的概念，提醒我別忘了萬法流動、不斷變化的本質（識無），縮小自我執念，並與世間所有相互依存的眾生（識無吾）分享我的歷程。

本網站圖示，是站名中 (kNOw self) 無聲子音 k，而且 k 可拆成左邊一個字母 I 以及右邊兩條線反射線，合起來象徵在安靜中自我觀照。。

過去十多年來，我在網誌的發表變得斷斷續續。社群媒體的洪流，把我從自己的空間中拉走：為了方便，在熱鬧的數位平台上交換短暫思緒，取代了我長篇的深度反思。但我現在意識到回歸到個人空間的必要性：我需要一個清靜的地方，讓我（以及讀者）能專注於有意義的思緒，而不被其他雜音干擾。

這個回歸，也伴隨了技術上的改革。1990 年以來，我就一直在發表文章，見證通訊媒介的完整演變。我的文字曾經棲身於傳統紙媒、電子郵件群組、電子報以及 BBS。然後乘著 Web 1.0 浪潮，在學術大型主機的使用者空間、GeoCities，以及自建伺服器上純手工編寫的 HTML 中開闢了自己的角落，然後透過 RSS 進行聯播。接著是 Web 2.0——那個充滿互動式內容管理系統（CMS）與無數部落格引擎的時代——直到社群媒體將整個網路世界吞噬。

經歷這麼多代的平台，我最後選擇了回歸根本：靜態檔案（static files），並自製引擎來驅動，將內容與形式分開處理。表面上是回到根本技術，但見山又是山，背後蘊含了數十年軟體工程與分享寫作的經驗。

演變的不僅僅是平台媒介，全球通訊也發生了翻天覆地的變化。今日雙語發表的經驗和早期很不同了：Unicode 成了標準，網際網路提升了全球的英語能力，而機器翻譯更是唾手可得。多年來，我自己的主要讀者群，也從中文轉向了英文讀者；我的英文能力與文化敏銳度也有些許成長。

此外，在網路上寫作的實質效用，也發生了轉變。我們現在擁有高智慧搜尋器，以及和能在幾秒鐘內合成答案的 AI。讀者的注意力持續時間急遽縮短，多媒體也迅速取代需要時間來閱讀的文字。當 AI 能夠回答問題，而影片佔據了我們的螢幕時，為什麼還要在個人網站上寫長篇文章呢？

因為這個空間的目的不僅僅是為了傳播訊息，它更是我人生追求歷程的分享：自我觀察、自我修正，以及最終的自我解脫。

這個網誌是我生命各個面向成長的活紀錄：作為軟體專業與科技創客；作為作曲與音樂愛好者；作為多語寫作者；最重要的是，作為一個期許自己明天能比今天更好的凡人。

《識無吾》是我回歸根本的追求。我為此欣喜，也歡迎您駐足。

]]> 版權聲明 Sun Aug 16 2026 22:34:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time) https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/2234-copyright-and-licensing/ 本授權條款溯及既往，適用於本網站過去、現在及未來發佈之所有內容。

一般內容 (文字、圖片與影片)

本聲明為本網站之預設授權條款；適用於未特別標明版權或授權方式的所有內容。

除非另有說明，本網誌的文字內容、一般攝影與圖片、以及代管於本站的原創影片，皆採用 創用 CC 姓名標示-非商業性-相同方式分享 4.0 國際 授權條款 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) 授權。您可以自由分享、複製、散佈、傳輸及改作這些內容，但請務必標示原作者為李璨光 (Tsan-Kuang "TK" Lee) 以及來源（本網站），且不得用於商業目的，若有改作需以相同條款釋出。

第三方代管內容： 任何自外部網站（例如 YouTube）嵌入的影片或媒體，皆不在本預設授權範圍內，而是受該平台本身之條款與授權規範。

例外情況： 任何包含或呈現本人音樂作品的內容（例如以純文字編碼的樂譜如 ABCjs、樂譜或總譜的截圖，以及音樂表演的影片等）皆不在前述授權範圍內。這些內容視同音樂作品本身，保留所有權利。

程式碼

除非在其專屬的原始碼儲存庫或文章中另有聲明，本網誌所分享之程式碼片段皆採用 MIT 授權條款 (MIT License) 釋出。您可以自由使用、複製、修改、合併、發佈、散佈、再授權及/或銷售這些程式碼之副本，但必須在所有副本或實質部分的軟體中包含原作者的版權聲明與許可聲明。程式碼按「現況 (AS IS)」提供，不提供任何形式之擔保。

音樂、樂譜、表演影音

請注意，上述創用 CC 授權條款 不適用於 本網站上的任何音樂作品、作曲、記譜或表演影音。

所有音樂作品版權皆為李璨光 (Tsan-Kuang "TK" Lee) 所有，保留所有權利 (All Rights Reserved)。任何使用必須經過明確授權，否則請勿重製、散佈或公開演出這些音樂作品。

]]> 敵人 2023-10-11T07:16:00.003Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/0716-敵人-enemy/ 在戰區的朋友今天傳來消息，她家裡一位行動不便的人來不及逃亡，被炸死了。

九二一地震時，也有許多人自己逃得了，但眼睜睜看著慢一步的親人罹難。這種痛，除了失去親人外，還加上倖存者的罪惡感。

而戰爭帶來的苦難，又比天災更進一步：天地不仁，帶來災難，人類也只能面對；但戰爭卻是人為的，是某些人覺得自己某些利益比他人的生命更寶貴，而覺得可以犧牲他人生命。這種痛，又更上一層。

很多人生日許願時常說要祈求世界和平，好像真的有一位專管生日許願的神，來應允每個人的三個願望。我沒聽過有這樣的神。

生日許願，不應像求阿拉丁神燈，求完了就沒自己事了；而應像新年立願一樣，當做是自己努力的目標。

真想要世界和平，至少先把自己與他人的關係弄好，想辦法減少自己外在的敵人與內在的敵意。

朋友痛失家人生命的離去，我立願以減少自己暴戾之氣作為新生命的開始。

]]> 任意解皆可 2020-10-11T20:31:56Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/2031-anything-goes/

有人在臉書上分享一個小學生的黑白子題目，邀請大家動動腦。朋友們在臉書上討論很熱鬧。我花了點時間思考，最後得出有趣的結論。

黑白子問題

題目裡有十六個小方格，每個方格有不同的黑白棋子分布。問最後一個小方格是右邊四個答案中的哪一個。

有興趣的朋友先不要看下去，自己解解看。


解這題之前，我們來看看另一個題目。

小朋友蘋果分配問題

這是最近網路常傳的題目「有七個小朋友和三顆蘋果，請切四刀，讓小朋友們不會為分配蘋果吵架。」

下一頁有標準答案。有興趣的朋友可以先解解看。

蘋果分配問題「標準答案」

三顆蘋果分七個小朋友，每個小朋友應拿到 37\frac{3}{7}。

第一刀橫切各蘋果為一半，然後各個半顆蘋果再量 17\frac{1}{7} 角度切。

37\frac{3}{7} 部分給前六個小朋友，最後剩下來的六個小片合起來也是 37=114∗6\frac{3}{7} = \frac{1}{14} * 6。


武士刀

等一下，題目沒說可以用武士刀一次齊腰斬蘋果，更沒指明有精確量度工具可使用。一般人操刀，可沒有那種準度。
武士刀
不過，既然可以請武士刀專家，那就簡單了。

蘋果分配問題「武士刀解法」

既然可以用武士刀，那為什麼只能切蘋果呢？

其實，切掉第一個小朋友後，之後不管怎麼分蘋果，相信剩下的小朋友都不敢吵的。目的達成，本題得解。:)

這類的「數學」問題，其實都有條件規則定義不清的問題。


回到黑白子

為討論方便，我加上紅色註號。

黑白子解一：「標準」解法（答案為 x）

標準答案為 x。邏輯是：加上 x 後，每個小正方框裡的黑白點如果顏色互換，都可以找到另一個對應的小正方框。比方說，b2b2 由左上角順時針看為「空空白黑」，顏色互換後 變成「空空黑白」，與 d1d1 配對。

兩兩配對：(a1,a3),(a2,d3),(a4,c4),(b2,d1),(b3,c2),(b4,c1),(c3,d2)(a1, a3), (a2, d3), (a4, c4), (b2, d1), (b3, c2), (b4, c1), (c3, d2)。

最後剩下 b1b1 「白空白黑」，互換後為「黑空黑白」，即為 x。

但這只是一種可能的邏輯。


解二：等量圍棋子（答案可為 x 或 y）

我們換個邏輯：讓棋盤上黑白子的數量一樣。目前盤上有 23 個黑子，24 個白子。

所以可以加上 y，讓黑白子各有 24 顆。

或是加上 x，讓黑白子各有 25 顆。

解三：等重（答案 w, x, y, z 可任選)

其實，邏輯換一換，要什麼答案都可以。

舉個例，我們的規則定為：從右上斜切到左下，讓兩邊黑白棋子加起來的重量一樣。

切線上的黑白子兩邊平分，所以可以不計。

剩下的，左上三角型有 9 個黑子，12 個白子；右下三角型有 11 個黑子，8 個白子。

答案為 w

我們如果想要讓答案是 w 的話，把w放上，左上三角型就有 9 個黑子，12 個白子；右下三角型有 13 個黑子，8 個白子。

讓每個黑子重 4 克，白子重 5 克，那就可以平衡： 9∗4+12∗5=13∗4+8∗59*4+12*5 = 13*4+8*5

所以，可以說：這個棋盤上的每個黑子重 4 克，白子重 5 克時，最後一格必須是 w，藍線左上與右下的棋子總重才能平衡。

答案為 x

同理，要 x 的話，左上三角型有 9 個黑子，12 個白子；右下三角型有 13 個黑子，9 個白子。那黑子重 3 克，白子重 4 克，就可平衡：9∗3+12∗4=13∗3+9∗49*3+12*4 = 13*3+9*4

答案為 y

y 的話，左上三角型有 9 個黑子，12 個白子；右下三角型有 12 個黑子，8 個白子。那黑子重 4 克，白子重 3 克，就可平衡：9∗4+12∗3=12∗4+8∗39*4+12*3 = 12*4+8*3

答案為 z

z 的話，左上三角型有 9 個黑子，12 個白子；右下三角型有 12 個黑子，10 個白子。那黑子重 2 克，白子重 3 克，就可平衡：9∗2+12∗3=12∗2+10∗39*2+12*3 = 12*2+10*3

所以，要什麼答案，就來湊不同的重量比。


解四：槓桿

如果要把各子位置的槓桿長度考慮進來也可，甚至可以在中心點平衡。

此解與前解類似，只不過每一子之前有個加權係數（與中線的垂直距離；原小方格可以用九宮格細分，以三角函數算圓心座標，再用畢式定理算距離）。總之就是解二元方程式，算出黑白子所需的重量比就可以了。這裡略去細節。



解五：多項式解法之我實在太閒了

這個方法是利用高維度的多項式來解。一樣，要什麼答案都可以。不過為了篇幅，我們不考慮唯一點在中央的 y (要考慮的話，把所有其他的小方格正中央視為空白，像六面骰子點數排列一樣)。

我們就選 z 來當答案，看規則要怎麼變。

編碼

要運用多項式，首先要把各個小方格轉成數值。為了它的唯一性，我們把所有的可能性編碼。拿 b1 來說，從左上角開始，順時鐘方向來看，這格可以表示成「白空白黑」。我們把它用數字替代，空=0，白=1，黑=2，得 1012。這個數字是三進位數，轉成十進位得 32。

格序 小方格 內容 三進位 十進位
1 a1 黑白黑黑 2122 71
2 a2 空空白白 0011 4
3 a3 白黑白白 1211 49
4 a4 白黑空空 1200 45
5 b1 白空白黑 1012 32
6 b2 空空白黑 0012 5
7 b3 黑白黑白 2121 70
8 b4 白白黑黑 1122 44
9 c1 黑黑白白 2211 76
10 c2 白黑白黑 1212 50
11 c3 白黑黑白 1221 52
12 c4 黑白空空 2100 63
13 d1 空空黑白 0021 7
14 d2 黑白白黑 2112 68
15 d3 空空黑黑 0022 8
16 d4 ???? ???? ?
w 黑黑空空 2200 72
x 黑空黑白 2021 61
z 空白黑白 0121 16

其實編碼什麼方法都好，只要代表數字與小方格是一對一對應就好。把所有可能性列出來，然後隨意指定一個不重覆的數字也可以。

這裡只是借用三進位制的方便性。

另外，編了碼後，其實就可以用任何一種機器學習(machine learning; ML)的方法來解。但ML中有許多方法雖然能得解，但建立出來的模型卻不直觀，不易說明原理。所以這裡不用ML中依靠機率的模型（比方說類神經網路）。

瘋狂的多項式

好，解法很簡單，就代入這個多項式：

−96419n15326918592000+367963n149686476800−83433193n1337362124800+76018199n12958003200−3905893151n112052864000+2834174039n1087091200−748402863991n91828915200+780710080883n8203212800−35360802693773n71306368000+6209534662753n643545600−56937672552137n5102643200+186397079118703n4119750400−4585643519077501n31513512000+289798498820219n275675600−125147426197n145045+857840\begin{aligned} & - \frac{96419 n^{15}}{326918592000} + \frac{367963 n^{14}}{9686476800} - \frac{83433193 n^{13}}{37362124800} + \frac{76018199 n^{12}}{958003200} \\ & - \frac{3905893151 n^{11}}{2052864000} + \frac{2834174039 n^{10}}{87091200} - \frac{748402863991 n^{9}}{1828915200} \\ & + \frac{780710080883 n^{8}}{203212800} - \frac{35360802693773 n^{7}}{1306368000} + \frac{6209534662753 n^{6}}{43545600} \\ & - \frac{56937672552137 n^{5}}{102643200} + \frac{186397079118703 n^{4}}{119750400} - \frac{4585643519077501 n^{3}}{1513512000} \\ & + \frac{289798498820219 n^{2}}{75675600} - \frac{125147426197 n^{1}}{45045} + 857840 \end{aligned}

其中，n 代表位置號，如圖：

「你在開玩笑嗎？」

真的，上面的多項式可以精確地算出每一格的內容。

舉個例，拿第 10 格來說，也就是原來的 c2 （白黑白黑，三進位 1212），最後轉換出來的十進位代表值應該是 50 （見編碼表格）。n=10n=10 代入上面那個多項式，算出來的數值正是 50。

−96419∗1015326918592000+367963∗10149686476800−83433193∗101337362124800+76018199∗1012958003200−3905893151∗10112052864000+2834174039∗101087091200−748402863991∗1091828915200+780710080883∗108203212800−35360802693773∗1071306368000+6209534662753∗10643545600−56937672552137∗105102643200+186397079118703∗104119750400−4585643519077501∗1031513512000+289798498820219∗10275675600−125147426197∗10145045+857840\begin{aligned} & - \frac{96419 * 10^{15}}{326918592000} + \frac{367963 * 10^{14}}{9686476800} - \frac{83433193 * 10^{13}}{37362124800} \\ & + \frac{76018199 * 10^{12}}{958003200} - \frac{3905893151 * 10^{11}}{2052864000} + \frac{2834174039 * 10^{10}}{87091200} \\ & - \frac{748402863991 * 10^{9}}{1828915200} + \frac{780710080883 * 10^{8}}{203212800} \\ & - \frac{35360802693773 * 10^{7}}{1306368000} + \frac{6209534662753 * 10^{6}}{43545600} \\ & - \frac{56937672552137 * 10^{5}}{102643200} + \frac{186397079118703 * 10^{4}}{119750400} \\ & - \frac{4585643519077501 * 10^{3}}{1513512000} + \frac{289798498820219 * 10^{2}}{75675600} \\ & - \frac{125147426197 * 10^{1}}{45045} + 857840 \end{aligned}

註：不想手動驗算，可以把下面的算式貼入網上高精度的計算機算。

-96419*10^15/326918592000+367963*10^14/9686476800-83433193*10^13/37362124800+76018199*10^12/958003200-3905893151*10^11/2052864000+2834174039*10^10/87091200-748402863991*10^9/1828915200+780710080883*10^8/203212800-35360802693773*10^7/1306368000+6209534662753*10^6/43545600-56937672552137*10^5/102643200+186397079118703*10^4/119750400-4585643519077501*10^3/1513512000+289798498820219*10^2/75675600-125147426197*10^1/45045+857840

再換個例子，第2格(a2)，n=2n=2代入：

-96419*2^15/326918592000+367963*2^14/9686476800-83433193*2^13/37362124800+76018199*2^12/958003200-3905893151*2^11/2052864000+2834174039*2^10/87091200-748402863991*2^9/1828915200+780710080883*2^8/203212800-35360802693773*2^7/1306368000+6209534662753*2^6/43545600-56937672552137*2^5/102643200+186397079118703*2^4/119750400-4585643519077501*2^3/1513512000+289798498820219*2^2/75675600-125147426197*2^1/45045+857840

算出來總和是十進位的 4，換成三進位得 11，前面補上 0 得 0011，為「空空白白」，的確就是 a2 的內容。

終於輪到 z 了

最後來算第 16 格，n=16n=16，代入後結果為十進位的 16，換成三進位 121，補 0 成 0121，「空白黑白」。正是 z 的內容。

-96419*16^15/326918592000+367963*16^14/9686476800-83433193*16^13/37362124800+76018199*16^12/958003200-3905893151*16^11/2052864000+2834174039*16^10/87091200-748402863991*16^9/1828915200+780710080883*16^8/203212800-35360802693773*16^7/1306368000+6209534662753*16^6/43545600-56937672552137*16^5/102643200+186397079118703*16^4/119750400-4585643519077501*16^3/1513512000+289798498820219*16^2/75675600-125147426197*16^1/45045+857840

多項式是怎麼來的？

雖然多項式的維度與係數看來很嚇人，但其實沒什麼了不起。整個解法就是解下面的聯立方程而已：

f(n)=A∗n15+B∗n14+C∗n13+D∗n12+E∗n11+F∗n10+G∗n9+H∗n8+I∗n7+J∗n6+K∗n5+L∗n4+M∗n3+N∗n2+O∗n1+P∗n0f(n)=A*n^{15}+ B*n^{14}+ C*n^{13}+ D*n^{12}+ E*n^{11}+ F*n^{10}+ G*n^{9}+ H*n^{8}+ I*n^{7}+ J*n^{6}+ K*n^{5}+ L*n^{4}+ M*n^{3}+ N*n^{2}+ O*n^{1}+ P*n^{0}

n 以 1 至 16 分別代入，依原表格的十進位數一欄，得下列十六式：

f(1)=71;f(2)=4;f(3)=49;….;f(15)=8;f(16)=16f(1) = 71; f(2)=4; f(3)=49; ….; f(15)=8; f(16)=16 (z格的十進位)

十六式聯立，可以算出A,B,C,…,PA, B, C, …, P 等十六個係數。

矩陣法

把上面聯立方程改寫為下列矩陣式，把 XX 代入想要解的值(解答是z，就代入表格裡算出的X=16X=16），就可以求得 A,B,C,…,PA, B, C, … , P 等係數的值了。

[115114113112111110191817161514131211102152142132122112102928272625242322212031531431331231131039383736353433323130415414413412411410494847464544434241405155145135125115105958575655545352515061561461361261161069686766656463626160715714713712711710797877767574737271708158148138128118108988878685848382818091591491391291191099989796959493929190101510141013101210111010109108107106105104103102101100111511141113111211111110119118117116115114113112111110121512141213121212111210129128127126125124123122121120131513141313131213111310139138137136135134133132131130141514141413141214111410149148147146145144143142141140151515141513151215111510159158157156155154153152151150161516141613161216111610169168167166165164163162161160][ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP]=[71449453257044765052637688X]\begin{bmatrix} 1^{15} & 1^{14} & 1^{13} & 1^{12} & 1^{11} & 1^{10} & 1^{9} & 1^{8} & 1^{7} & 1^{6} & 1^{5} & 1^{4} & 1^{3} & 1^{2} & 1^{1} & 1^{0} \\ 2^{15} & 2^{14} & 2^{13} & 2^{12} & 2^{11} & 2^{10} & 2^{9} & 2^{8} & 2^{7} & 2^{6} & 2^{5} & 2^{4} & 2^{3} & 2^{2} & 2^{1} & 2^{0} \\ 3^{15} & 3^{14} & 3^{13} & 3^{12} & 3^{11} & 3^{10} & 3^{9} & 3^{8} & 3^{7} & 3^{6} & 3^{5} & 3^{4} & 3^{3} & 3^{2} & 3^{1} & 3^{0} \\ 4^{15} & 4^{14} & 4^{13} & 4^{12} & 4^{11} & 4^{10} & 4^{9} & 4^{8} & 4^{7} & 4^{6} & 4^{5} & 4^{4} & 4^{3} & 4^{2} & 4^{1} & 4^{0} \\ 5^{15} & 5^{14} & 5^{13} & 5^{12} & 5^{11} & 5^{10} & 5^{9} & 5^{8} & 5^{7} & 5^{6} & 5^{5} & 5^{4} & 5^{3} & 5^{2} & 5^{1} & 5^{0} \\ 6^{15} & 6^{14} & 6^{13} & 6^{12} & 6^{11} & 6^{10} & 6^{9} & 6^{8} & 6^{7} & 6^{6} & 6^{5} & 6^{4} & 6^{3} & 6^{2} & 6^{1} & 6^{0} \\ 7^{15} & 7^{14} & 7^{13} & 7^{12} & 7^{11} & 7^{10} & 7^{9} & 7^{8} & 7^{7} & 7^{6} & 7^{5} & 7^{4} & 7^{3} & 7^{2} & 7^{1} & 7^{0} \\ 8^{15} & 8^{14} & 8^{13} & 8^{12} & 8^{11} & 8^{10} & 8^{9} & 8^{8} & 8^{7} & 8^{6} & 8^{5} & 8^{4} & 8^{3} & 8^{2} & 8^{1} & 8^{0} \\ 9^{15} & 9^{14} & 9^{13} & 9^{12} & 9^{11} & 9^{10} & 9^{9} & 9^{8} & 9^{7} & 9^{6} & 9^{5} & 9^{4} & 9^{3} & 9^{2} & 9^{1} & 9^{0} \\ 10^{15} & 10^{14} & 10^{13} & 10^{12} & 10^{11} & 10^{10} & 10^{9} & 10^{8} & 10^{7} & 10^{6} & 10^{5} & 10^{4} & 10^{3} & 10^{2} & 10^{1} & 10^{0} \\ 11^{15} & 11^{14} & 11^{13} & 11^{12} & 11^{11} & 11^{10} & 11^{9} & 11^{8} & 11^{7} & 11^{6} & 11^{5} & 11^{4} & 11^{3} & 11^{2} & 11^{1} & 11^{0} \\ 12^{15} & 12^{14} & 12^{13} & 12^{12} & 12^{11} & 12^{10} & 12^{9} & 12^{8} & 12^{7} & 12^{6} & 12^{5} & 12^{4} & 12^{3} & 12^{2} & 12^{1} & 12^{0} \\ 13^{15} & 13^{14} & 13^{13} & 13^{12} & 13^{11} & 13^{10} & 13^{9} & 13^{8} & 13^{7} & 13^{6} & 13^{5} & 13^{4} & 13^{3} & 13^{2} & 13^{1} & 13^{0} \\ 14^{15} & 14^{14} & 14^{13} & 14^{12} & 14^{11} & 14^{10} & 14^{9} & 14^{8} & 14^{7} & 14^{6} & 14^{5} & 14^{4} & 14^{3} & 14^{2} & 14^{1} & 14^{0} \\ 15^{15} & 15^{14} & 15^{13} & 15^{12} & 15^{11} & 15^{10} & 15^{9} & 15^{8} & 15^{7} & 15^{6} & 15^{5} & 15^{4} & 15^{3} & 15^{2} & 15^{1} & 15^{0} \\ 16^{15} & 16^{14} & 16^{13} & 16^{12} & 16^{11} & 16^{10} & 16^{9} & 16^{8} & 16^{7} & 16^{6} & 16^{5} & 16^{4} & 16^{3} & 16^{2} & 16^{1} & 16^{0} \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} A \\ B \\ C \\ D \\ E \\ F \\ G \\ H \\ I \\ J \\ K \\ L \\ M \\ N \\ O \\ P \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 71 \\ 4 \\ 49 \\ 45 \\ 32 \\ 5 \\ 70 \\ 44 \\ 76 \\ 50 \\ 52 \\ 63 \\ 7 \\ 68 \\ 8 \\ X \end{bmatrix}

用矩陣解聯立，求出來的 A,B,C,…,PA, B, C, … , P 等值，就是之前已先列出的多項式係數。A 是第一項係數 −96419326918592000\frac{-96419}{326918592000}, P 是最後一項係數 857840857840 等等。

−96419n15326918592000+367963n149686476800−83433193n1337362124800+76018199n12958003200−3905893151n112052864000+2834174039n1087091200−748402863991n91828915200+780710080883n8203212800−35360802693773n71306368000+6209534662753n643545600−56937672552137n5102643200+186397079118703n4119750400−4585643519077501n31513512000+289798498820219n275675600−125147426197n145045+857840\begin{aligned} & - \frac{96419 n^{15}}{326918592000} + \frac{367963 n^{14}}{9686476800} - \frac{83433193 n^{13}}{37362124800} + \frac{76018199 n^{12}}{958003200} \\ & - \frac{3905893151 n^{11}}{2052864000} + \frac{2834174039 n^{10}}{87091200} - \frac{748402863991 n^{9}}{1828915200} \\ & + \frac{780710080883 n^{8}}{203212800} - \frac{35360802693773 n^{7}}{1306368000} + \frac{6209534662753 n^{6}}{43545600} \\ & - \frac{56937672552137 n^{5}}{102643200} + \frac{186397079118703 n^{4}}{119750400} - \frac{4585643519077501 n^{3}}{1513512000} \\ & + \frac{289798498820219 n^{2}}{75675600} - \frac{125147426197 n^{1}}{45045} + 857840 \end{aligned}

總之，最後一格想要什麼答案，就把它編碼成十進位表示法，代入矩陣式中的XX，算出係數，然後就可以用得出的多項式來算十六格中任一格的內容。

後記

如果題目條件定義不完整，那答案就能千奇百怪，甚至隨心所欲而不逾矩。大部份網路上，甚至於許多學校裡的考試題目，都有這樣的漏洞。要人去猜出題者想要的是眾多解中的哪一個，實在意義不大。不過，如果能要解題者說明過程，也許有訓練分析力、想像力及嚴謹執行力的功能。

用高維度多項式來捕捉題目及想要的解答，其實有點算作弊。說穿了，其實就是把一大堆資訊編入這些係數裡。它只是對現象提供一種描述，而不是更深的的解釋。而且，它大概與奧坎剃刀法則有所衝突。

順道一提，在機器學習裡，這叫做 over-fitting；意思是說，這個模型能完美捕捉現有已觀測的現象，但在預測尚未觀測的現象就會出問題了。比方 說，有了這個多項式，我們甚至可算出第一百格的三進位：

-221102221101221221122102022021222022122010021211

但它並沒有意義， 因為我們事先定義的根只到第十六格，而且我們沒有特別去捕捉各小方格之間像是順序或鄰接等關係，所以第十七格之後的結果和我們的題目是無關的。

Anything Goes

這篇的英文標題，我選用歌舞劇名曲的標題 Anything Goes，是因為這首曲子的旋律讓我聯想到這類題目可能的複雜度。

看類簡單的五聲音階（以及這個早期版本的簡單和聲），卻配上複雜的切分節奏，正如看似容易的題目，背後可以有高度複雜的解法。

 ]]> Streaming Custom Videos in Google Hangouts 2019-04-30T06:35:00.002Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/0635-streaming-custom-videos-in-google-hangouts/ With this method, I was able to send Google Hangouts any video contents, such as me with a news broadcast background, while the small TV in that background is showing my desktop playing a live Youtube video.

OBS is a fine tool that enables us to overlay various visual/audio sources, on the fly, for streaming and/or recording. Unfortunately, it doesn't support a virtual cam under Linux (there is a plugin that only works under Windows), i.e. I can't send a complex composition of a live desktop screen, webcam, video, etc. to Google Hangouts.

Webcamoid is another fine tool that supports output to a virtual cam under Linux, which Google Hangouts can directly use.

Several attempts were made, but I wasn't able to get a result with low enough latency for video conferencing. The video latency caused an unacceptable out-of-sync problem with the audio.

I reached an easy workaround, which is resource heavy, but works quite well.

  1. Use OBS to construct the target scene, say, a chroma keyed webcam, with a video background, and a logo foreground, as well as a live chat overlay.
  2. In OBS, right click on the preview, and project it under a separate screen.
  3. In Webcamoid, choose that screen as the source.
  4. In Google Hangouts, choose Webcamoid's virtual cam instead of the real webcam.
  5. Voila! Now I have full control of what others see in my video conferencing.

This solution needs one whole screen just to link OBS and webcamoid. Any of the following improvement of either project will make this workflow even better:

Hopefully either will come soon.

Update: now there's an easier way: use OBS's v4l2sink plugin + v4l2loopback kernel module. See this article.

]]> uwsgi wrong python interpreter 2017-10-13T21:02:00Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/2102-uwsgi-wrong-python-interpreter/ In some projects, I use uwsgi behind nginx to drive Django. I also use virtualenv to manage my environments (by the way, Panda's introducing .ix and then deprecating it wasn't fun). In a recent update, I was pulling my hair out trying to figure out why I'm getting the following error message, and a wrong Python interpreter.

Could not find platform independent libraries 
  
Could not find platform dependent libraries 
  
Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to [:]
  
Python version: 3.5.4 |Continuum Analytics, Inc.| (default, Aug 14 2017, 13:26:58)  [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-1)]
  
Set PythonHome to /opt/anaconda
  
Fatal Python error: Py_Initialize: Unable to get the locale encoding
  
ImportError: No module named 'encodings'

It turned out that the problem was in the binary code of uwsgi in my environment. It was compiled for another environment, with the environment path hard-coded in. Yes, in the binary. I had done that in another environment and the compiled package stayed in the pip cache, and the new environment just picked it up from the cache, causing inconsistency!

The solution:

pip install --no-cache uwsgi
]]> Ergodox EZ Configurator Layer Manipulation 2017-07-12T03:00:00Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/0300-ergodox-ez-configurator-layer-manipulation/ Ergodox EZ provides a great configurator; however, it doesn't provide all editing functions I need. Unfortunately, the source code disappeared from github (multiple unofficial documents have links to that repo so I assume the source was once available; this is rather disappointing, since the company made it look like that they are using all open source resources.)

One of the functions that I need the most is swapping the layers.

Here's what I did to achieve it:

Upon examining the minimized javascript, it was written against the React framework. Therefore, I installed the React debugger extension for chrome, in order to find and manipulate the variable that stores the layer information.

Once the extension is installed, reload the page, and open up the Developer Tools in Chrome.

Click on React to open the debugging panel.

Make sure the correct scope "App" is selected.

Now the variable $r will contain the React object, including the state, for editing.

The layers (including all key assignment) information is in the array: $r.state.layout.layers

Here's an example of swapping layer 3 and 4.

$r.state.layout.layers = [
  $r.state.layout.layers[0],
  $r.state.layout.layers[1],
  $r.state.layout.layers[2],
  $r.state.layout.layers[4],  // notice the swapping
  $r.state.layout.layers[3],  // notice the swapping
  $r.state.layout.layers[5],
  $r.state.layout.layers[6],
  $r.state.layout.layers[7],
]

Note that if there are layer switching keys, you'll also need to manually modify those from the GUI.

I also did some batch editing offline, and then re-assign the whole $r.state.layout.layers by first converting the variable to JSON and write it to a local file, with this snippet.

Also when you copy/create a layer, make sure to use the GUI to first allocate the variable $r.state.layout.layers[x].keyboard_layout_id on their server and then carefully copy those values.

Here's my current setup, if you are interested.

]]> [QA] 社經地位 2016-08-02T16:57:00Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/1657-socio-economic-class-社經地位/ 網友來信討論社經地位中下，但是收入穩定，甚至比一般人薪水還高的職業

※ 引述《omare.》之銘言:

不知道有沒有　社經地位中下
但是收入穩定　甚至比一般人薪水還高的職業
有八卦嗎

幾乎所有我們文化看不起的行業都找得到致富者。我身邊的例子有葬儀業，資源回收，果農，酪農。

話說回來，我認識的這些人雖然都是從低層做起，但每一個都有經營天分。我相信不管把他們丟到哪一行，他們都能經營得很好。

「社『經』地位不高」就代表收入不高了，所以這裡用詞不精確。不過這個詞本身把社會地位和經濟地位綁在一起，其實點出了我們文化的盲點、價值觀的狹隘、以及資本主義下，管理者與勞動者付出與回饋比例的矛盾。

很可惜，我們文化很少去注意到真正活得安心快樂的那些人。即使偶爾新聞報出來，竟然也著眼在這些人低社會地位的反差，用一種「一個人社會低位不高，卻知足常樂，真是難得」的膚淺態度來呈現。從沒想到，這些人的生命品質，實際上到了我們一般人達不到的水準。

]]> 2016-06-17T22:53:13.000Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/2253-por-una-cabeza-arranged-for-guitar-viola-piano-2016/ Fixing Lenovo U31-70 Wi Fi Problem 2016-02-06T06:24:00Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/0624-fixing-lenovo-u31-70-wifi-problem/

留言



Rui Ramos on Sunday, July 21, 2019 at 10:25:00 AM EDT


Hi there,

I am doing the same thing.
But I have found 2 models of 3160:

  • NGW
  • NGFF
    How can I know which is right for my u31-70?

Thank you.




TK on Tuesday, July 23, 2019 at 3:32:00 PM EDT


If you click on the photo that shows the new card, it's the NGW version. I have no idea what the differences are between the two models. I'm using the NGW and it works. Good luck.




Rui Ramos on Tuesday, July 23, 2019 at 5:04:00 PM EDT


Yup, I see it now.

I will test mine when it gets home.

Thank you!


]]> Coordinate Transformation Matrix for Touchscreen in multi-screen setup in X11 2016-01-30T08:31:00.002Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/0831-coordinate-transformation-matrix-for-touchscreen-in-multi-screen-setup-in-x11/ Currently I have a twin screen setup in Arch Linux, like this:

On the left, DELL 1901FP is turned 90 degree counter-clockwise in its portrait mode. On the right, DELL P2314T, a touch screen, is in its regular landscape orientation, with its bottom line aligning with the bottom of the rotated screen on the left.

Here's my xorg.conf for that. (Although one can also setup screen arrangement in KDE/Plasma/Gnome/etc., for KDM/SDDM/GDM/etc. to recognize it in the login screen, it's important to put this in xorg.conf)

# /etc/X11/xorg.conf
# relevant section of screen rotation
Section "Screen"
Identifier     "Screen0"
Device         "Device0"
Monitor        "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth    24
Option         "Stereo" "0"
Option         "nvidiaXineramaInfoOrder" "DFP-2"
Option         "metamodes" "DVI-I-1: 1280x1024_75 +0+0 {rotation=right}, HDMI-0: nvidia-auto-select +1024+200"
Option         "SLI" "Off"
Option         "MultiGPU" "Off"
Option         "BaseMosaic" "off"
SubSection     "Display"
Depth       24
EndSubSection
EndSection

X11 sees a (1024+1920) wide×1280 high(1024+1920) \text{ wide} \times 1280 \text{ high} DISPLAY, with an upper-right corner being invisible.

Since the touchscreen is just a regular pointer device (through its driver), when I put my finger on the left border of the touchscreen on the right, the cursor goes all the way to the very left of the DISPLAY. Touchscreen is only useful if the cursor follows my finger. Therefore, we need to do some Input Coordinate Transformation.

Coordinate Transformation Matrix is precisely the needed configuration.

From the documentation above, our goal is to map the following coordinates (x,y)(x, y) on the left (X11's default behavior) to the ones on the right:

(0,0)⇒(1024,1280−1080)(1024+1920−1,1280−1)⇒(1024+1920−1,1280−1)(1024+1920−1,0)⇒(1024+1920−1,1280−1080)(0,1280−1)⇒(1024,1280−1)\begin{array}{r l c r l} (0, & 0) & \Rightarrow & (1024, & 1280-1080) \\ (1024+1920-1, & 1280-1) & \Rightarrow & (1024+1920-1, & 1280-1) \\ (1024+1920-1, & 0) & \Rightarrow & (1024+1920-1, & 1280-1080) \\ (0, & 1280-1) & \Rightarrow & (1024, & 1280-1) \end{array}

So that means we are solving the following system:

[a1b1c1a2b2c2a3b3c3][029432943001279012791111]=[1024294329431024200127920012791111]\begin{bmatrix} a_1 & b_1 & c_1 \\ a_2 & b_2 & c_2 \\ a_3 & b_3 & c_3 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 2943 & 2943 & 0 \\ 0 & 1279 & 0 & 1279 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 1024 & 2943 & 2943 & 1024 \\ 200 & 1279 & 200 & 1279 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}

Here's the solution and the approximate float values:

[a1b1c1a2b2c2a3b3c3]=[1919294301024010791279200001]≈[0.6520557254502210102400.843627834245504200001]\begin{aligned} \begin{bmatrix} a_1 & b_1 & c_1 \\ a_2 & b_2 & c_2 \\ a_3 & b_3 & c_3 \end{bmatrix} &= \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1919}{2943} & 0 & 1024 \\ 0 & \frac{1079}{1279} & 200 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \\ &\approx \begin{bmatrix} 0.652055725450221 & 0 & 1024 \\ 0 & 0.843627834245504 & 200 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \end{aligned}

Now we can put these numbers into the configuration, as the document instructed.

# This does NOT work
xinput set-prop "Advanced Silicon S.A CoolTouch(TM) System" --type=float "Coordinate Transformation Matrix" .652056 0 1024 0 .8436278 200 0 0 1

However, it doesn't work. The cursor stays on the lower right. After some debugging, I found the offsets 1024 and 200 were the culprit. They need to be a percentage, i.e. relative to the full width and height:

10241024+1920=0.34782612001280=0.15625\begin{aligned} \dfrac{1024}{1024+1920} &= 0.3478261 \\[1em] \dfrac{200}{1280} &= 0.15625 \end{aligned} 

# This works
xinput set-prop "Advanced Silicon S.A CoolTouch(TM) System" --type=float "Coordinate Transformation Matrix" .652056 0 .3478261 0 .8436278 .15625 0 0 1

I put it in /usr/share/sddm/scripts/Xsetup (or /usr/share/config/kdm/Xsetup if you haven't upgraded to plasma) as well as ~/.xprofile so it automatically runs every time.

Edit 2016-02-22: I ended up having 3 screens with two in the portrait orientation. SDDM correctly uses metamodes setting in xorg.conf, regardless of the screen power. However, KDE is more sensitive to that so sometimes the layout is messed up. Here's a script to quickly correct that.

#!/bin/sh
# my xorg.conf has this line:
# Option "metamodes" "DVI-I-1: 1280x1024_75 +0+0 {rotation=right}, HDMI-0: nvidia-auto-select +2944+0 {rotation=right}, DP-1: nvidia-auto-select +1024+200"

gksu "xrandr --output DP-1 --primary --auto --pos 1024x200 --output DVI-I-1 --auto --pos 0x0 --rotation right --output HDMI-0 --auto --pos 2944x0 --rotation right"
]]> Install Sibelius 8.0.1 on a non-C drive in Windows 2015-10-19T22:43:00.002Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/2243-install-sibelius-8-0-1-on-a-non-c-drive-in-windows/ Since Sibelius 8.0.0, Avid changed the installer, and it has a serious bug -- it assumes you have a C: drive before letting you choose the installation destination. I figured out a hack to install it. However, it doesn't work for Sibelius 8.0.1, so here's another way to approach it, before Avid's Sibelius team fixes the bug.

I don't have a C: drive, but Sibelius insists that I must do, so what we are trying to do here is to temporarily create a C: drive, and then create a link pointing crucial directories back to my system drive, K:. After Sibelius is successfully installed, we can then safely remove the temporary C: drive.

First, we need to create a Virtual Hard Drive (VHD) as our C:\ drive. I learned how to do this via this answer:

  • Start → run → diskmgmt.msc (accept all defaults... I'm not doing anything special below)
  • From the menu bar select Action → Create VHD
  • Choose the location and name the file (which will be the vhd) and specify the size and click OK. My file is K:\virtual_drive_c.vhd and the size is 1G, but I made it dynamic so it's actual size is around 16MB.
  • Right click on the Disk # (underneath will be Unknown and the size and "Not Initialized"). Select "Initialize Disk" and click OK
  • Right click on the black bar of the unallocated disk space and select "new simple volume". A wizard opens up an on the second page it lets you assign the drive letter. We want C: here. Complete the wizard and you're done!

Now that we have a C: drive, we can link the important folders. I learned how to do that from this post:

  • Start → run → cmd, then right click and choose "Run as Administrator".
  • In the prompt, type the following:
K:\>mklink /j "C:\Program Files" "K:\Program Files"
Junction created for C:\Program Files <<===>> K:\Program Files

K:\>mklink /j "C:\Program Files (x86)" "K:\Program Files (x86)"
Junction created for C:\Program Files (x86) <<===>> K:\Program Files (x86)

After that, Sibelius installation should run normally. In the installer, I still choose to install the program to K:, to avoid future problems running Sibelius, since the bug is on the installer, not Sibelius itself.

Afterwards, you can reboot, and safely delete the vhd file.

]]> 大易二十七年，行列二十七小時 2015-09-24T05:19:00Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/0519-大易二十七年-行列二十七小時/ 我打大易輸入法很快，甚至比一些人用講的還快，但最近考慮換到行列輸入法。

我學大易輸入法的歷史

我小學正是Apple II電腦剛進入台灣的時候。那時候Apple II能插一張「佳佳漢卡」來顯示中文。打字方面只有倉頡與注音。我試學了幾次倉頡，最後都放棄。主要也因為那時候打中文的機會少，所以茍且用注音好多年。

注音很好學，但因為中文同音字太多，選字鍵就只那一排數字鍵，導至最後總鍵數高，輸入速度大大受限。

高一時做科展，要寫一堆文字報告。那時我字寫得難看，於是決定趁機把中打好好學。剛好大易輸入法剛出來，在雜誌上廣告，看到後就決定去他們公司問問看。下課後拎了書包就搭了公車去太易公司在中山北路(?)的辦公室。那時好像只有三位員工。其中一位先生看到高中生想學大易，很興奮。49元賣了我一本原價99的書，給我一疊字根卡，希望我回班上幫忙推廣。

大易的優點

大易說真的很了不起。讓我一個晚上就能把規則學完，看字根表打字。一星期內就完全不需要字根表了。我成功的例子也讓身邊很多人學大易用大易至今。那位先生應該覺得很欣慰。:)

用了二十七年的大易，打字速度其實蠻快的，有幾個朋友應該看過我打字追上一些人講話的速度。

我覺得大易的設計很好，字根的分類很直覺。基本上看到字就知道怎麼拆。其實，中文打多了，大部份人應該看到字就直接能跳過拆碼，直接以手指記憶打出來。

另外一個大優點是字根與字鍵的分布很平均，所以在常用字裡，需要選字的機會其實不多。

一些常見輸入法的問題

倉頡難學。字鍵數也偏多。

注音的問題上面提過，即使有些朋友熟到連選字鍵選字頁都一起背了起來，總鍵數還是太多，容易疲勞。
現在有很多智慧型輸入法，可以自動選字，或自動選詞，速度很快。但我對打字的需求比較傳統：我需要能夠完全預測什麼鍵會出什麼字。也就是說，我需要不用看瑩幕就能正確地打字。這樣能讓我做筆記時，眼睛不需要去顧打字窗。不管在做筆記或是創作，選字會讓我分心。我覺得這和演奏樂器的原理一樣，一個音彈拉吹敲下去，音高、音色、強弱都應該要能精確預期。

還有這些輸入法大多以詞為單位來做智慧選擇。字詞的頻率在不同軟體版本中會有出入，造成可預測性降低。

大易的缺點

版權的問題

大易的版權並非完全自由，許多自由軟體無法直接包含大易。網路上流通的合法版本是太易公司多年前釋出的，字數有限。後來雖然有許多熱心人士擴充，但也造成版本間有出入的問題。

平台的問題

我常用的作業系統有五個：Linux為主，手機Android，筆記型電腦是OSX，音樂的工作用Windows，以及平版的iOS。各個平台共通內建的繁體中文輸入法，只有注音與倉頡。(其他輸入法有的名稱相同，內容卻不統一)

由於上述的版權問題，軟體無法直接包含大易，所以這個過程只能手動。雖然花點力氣，也能把大易都裝上去(gcin, Lime, Open vanilla, 內建, JB/iAccess)，但辛苦的是，每次系統或是作業環境升級，這個過程就得重來一次。

選字鍵的問題

大易的選字鍵和其他輸入法不同。大部份輸入法用上排數字鍵來選字，但大易把上排數字鍵和英文字母鍵都拿來當字根。這個設計，有效地讓總鍵數及選字的頻率都大大減少。但使用非標準選字鍵的缺點是，軟體必須特別設計來支援大易。隨著其他智慧型輸入法普及後，大易的使用族群變為少數，願意為大易特別設計的軟體就變少了。

可能的解決方案

最近發現令人驚艷的「瑲珩－－動態拆碼暨動態組字」計畫，也許能解決版權、版本及字數的問題。

但平台的問題，卻是我目前面臨的挑戰。比方說，gcin是很優秀的程式，但在Chromium或是Qt升級間常常造成不相容(問題不一定是gcin本身)。雖然問題總會解決，但發生的頻率高到太不方便。

我考慮用iBus之類較普及的平台，看與其他軟體的相容性會不會好一點。選了軟體後，也要找大部份軟體都支援的輸入法，能直接用標準安裝，不用自己來。也許等大易版權過幾年釋出後，我就不用自己想辦法裝大易。但在那之前怎麼辦？

順道一提，這陣子我開始用手機上 Google 的中文語音輸入，準確度很高，但輸入標點符號很麻煩，而且跨平台很不方便，隱私上也有些顧慮。

行列輸入法

前陣子發現行列輸入法和自由軟體的精神相符：

開放理念：

中文輸入法必須跟發明人的生命及推廣該輸入法的公司分離，當使用者學會之後，不管發明人是否在世，各系統都要能夠繼續支援，使用者才有永遠的保障，就像倉頡和注音輸入法一樣。

要讓使用者可以永遠使用，只有像倉頡一樣開放授權才可能，因此行列採開放授權，任何一種系統，都可以找工程師把行列寫進系統，成為系統的一部份。

在生活與工作上，我已儘量使用自由開源軟體，所以行列輸入法發明人廖明德這段話和我很對味。官方網站公布大方公布的內容，就足夠讓我學輸入法。這點令人激賞。

行列的設計和大易一樣好學，一個晚上就能看著字根表打所有字。我相信沒多久就可以把字根表丟掉。目前初步的印象是，行列字根的分類，雖然也很有道理，但感覺上大易保留書寫直覺還是多一點。不過這個問題，應該在熟練之後就會自動消失。

結(未)論

老實說，我才剛學行列，還不知道(這篇仍是用大易打的)。也許我最後會放棄大易，完全轉用行列，也許我會發現行列的問題，再回到大易。但行列原發明人的胸襟，讓我很願意下功夫試試。

另外，我這篇也提到使用智慧型輸入法的潛在問題。也許從沒學過字根輸入的人可以試試能完全掌握打字結果的方法。

]]> 2015-08-19T08:49:09.000Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/0849-cry-link-soundtrack-for-xonotic/ Sibelius 8 Installation on Non-standard Windows System Drive 2015-08-05T23:59:00.001Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/2359-sibelius-8-installation-on-non-standard-windows-system-drive/ UPDATE: This doesn't work for Sibelius 8.0.1. See this post instead for that.

Over the years I have many generations of audio software and plugins installed on Windows, which itself has gone through many version upgrades. I can't remember why but one upgrade called for changing the system drive from C: to K: (probably for a backup reason), and ever since then K: has been my system drive.

Between projects, I decided to give Sibelius 8 a try. However, the installation file (Install_Sibelius.exe, unpacked from Sibelius_8.0.0_Win.zip) downloaded from Avid gave me this error:

Error 1327 invalid drive C:\.

By inspecting the log, I concluded that was hard-coded in the installer (FAIL! To tell the truth, it has been a familiar feeling ever since Avid acquired Sibelius).

I really don't want to change the system drive again, since it would involve the painful process of re-configuring a million things. It's also after their support hours so I did some research, and after some trial and error, this is what worked for me:

  1. run cmd.exe as Administrator.
  2. Change into the directory where Install_Sibelius.exe resides
  3. Run the following command

J:\Users\composer\Desktop>J:\Install_Sibelius.exe /s /v"/qn /l*v %temp%\AvidSibeliusx64.log"

  1. Follow the standard procedure to activate the software

That's it.

PS: I very much look forward to Daniel Spreadbury's new score writer.

留言



Ralph on Monday, August 19, 2019 at 6:16:00 PM EDT


I'm still getting this error every time I need to update Sibelius. It doesn't like ANY of the windows locations (e.g. DOcuments, Photos, Music) being mapped to a NAS drive. It is massively frustrating and doesn't apply to any other piece of software I use!




TK on Tuesday, August 27, 2019 at 12:12:00 AM EDT


This seems to be such a common requirement and yet they still haven't fixed the installation process.

However, I do have my score files on a NAS over the years but haven't got problems accessing them. What error messages are you getting?


]]> X11 Multi-seat running KDE and GNOME 2015-05-07T02:43:00Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/0243-x11-multi-seat-running-kde-and-gnome/ I was archiving data on my old machine and decided to share my old multi-seat configurations (I don't need multi-seat anymore), in case somebody out there is trying to do the same thing.

It was a 7-year-old Dell PowerEdge server SC-1430 running dual Xeon (8 virtual cores), excellent for compiling, number crunching (machine learning), and video processing (Cinelerra), and on top of all that, it served as a file/media server running RAID 5 over RAID 0.

It was a power beast, in another sense, too, though -- it consumed a lot of power.

Since it was consuming power anyway, I decided to get rid of other computers and maximize its use, by setting up a multi-seat X11, so two users could use it at the same time. There were two sets of everything: two screens (on two NVIDIA cards), two keyboards, two mouses, and two USB sound cards. It worked just like two independent machines. In fact, one seat ran KDE and the other one ran GNOME. The login screen ran KDM, with two login boxes (default to the regular user login name) on respective screens and matching wallpapers. We were even able to play "networked" game against each other.

(Actually I had three sets of xorg.conf to support multi-seat, left-side dual screen, and right-side dual screen, and I used symlinks to dynamically switch to a different configuration. However, there's more info on dual screen setups out there so I skipped those here.)

For me, there were a few files to configure. These are the ones relevant to most people:

  • /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • /etc/kde/kdm/kdmrc
  • /etc/kde/kdm/backgroundrc.seat0
  • /etc/kde/kdm/backgroundrc.seat1
  • /etc/udev/rules.d/60-dell-keyboards.rules (omit here; see my other post on udev for that)
  • /etc/udev/rules.d/90-creative-xmod.rules

For the sound cards, I just used the GUI setup in KDM and Gnome, respectively, to choose the right pulse audio sound device. I did use the udev to make the names easier to tell them apart.

I ran Arch Linux 64 on that one so the paths may be different if you use a different distro. I apologize in advance for not explaining the details here, many of which were specific to my system back then. I also wish I had time to dig out the document sources for these configs.

/etc/X11/xorg.conf 
# File: /etc/X11/xorg.conf

# nvidia-settings: X configuration file generated by nvidia-settings
# nvidia-settings:  version 280.11  (mockbuild@hephaestus.wilsonet.com)  Sun Jul 31 18:18:43 EDT 2011

#Section "ServerLayout"
#    Identifier     "Layout0"
#    Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0
#    Screen      1  "Screen1" RightOf "Screen0"
#    InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
#    InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
#    Option         "Xinerama" "0"
#EndSection

Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier     "Seat0"
Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0
InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
InputDevice    "Keyboard0.1"
InputDevice    "webcam_Button"
#InputDevice    "X10_Lola.keyboard"
InputDevice    "XmodControl.0"
InputDevice    "Mouse0.Naga" "CorePointer"
InputDevice    "MouseKeys0a.Naga"
InputDevice    "Mouse0.1"
#InputDevice    "MouseKeys0b.Naga"
Option         "Xinerama" "0"
Option         "AutoEnableDevices" "false"
Option         "AutoAddDevices"   "false"
Option         "AllowEmptyInput" "true"
EndSection

Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier     "Seat1"
Screen      0  "Screen1" 0 0
InputDevice    "Keyboard1" "CoreKeyboard"
InputDevice    "XmodControl.1"
InputDevice    "Mouse1.Salmosa" "CorePointer"
Option         "Xinerama" "0"
Option         "AutoEnableDevices" "false"
Option         "AutoAddDevices"   "false"
Option         "AllowEmptyInput" "true"
EndSection

Section "Files"
FontPath        "/usr/share/fonts/default/Type1"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier     "Mouse0.Naga"
Driver         "evdev"
Option         "GrabDevice" "true"
Option         "Protocol" "auto"
Option   "Device" "/dev/input/by-id/usb-Razer_Razer_Naga-event-mouse"
Option         "Emulate3Buttons" "no"
Option         "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier     "MouseKeys0a.Naga"
Driver         "evdev"
Option     "Device" "/dev/input/by-id/usb-Razer_Razer_Naga-event-kbd"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier     "MouseKeys0b.Naga"
Driver         "evdev"
Option     "Device" "/dev/input/by-id/usb-Razer_Razer_Naga-if01-event-kbd"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier     "Mouse0.1"
Driver         "evdev"
Option     "Device" "/dev/input/by-id/usb-Logitech_USB_Receiver-event-mouse"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier     "Mouse1.Salmosa"
Driver         "evdev"
Option         "GrabDevice" "true"
Option         "Protocol" "auto"
Option   "Device" "/dev/input/by-id/usb-Razer_Razer_Salmosa-event-mouse"
Option         "Emulate3Buttons" "no"
Option         "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection

#Section "InputDevice"
#    # generated from data in "/etc/sysconfig/keyboard"
#    Identifier     "Keyboard0"
#    Driver         "keyboard"
#    Option         "XkbLayout" "us"
#    Option         "XkbModel" "pc105"
#EndSection


Section "InputDevice"
Identifier     "Keyboard0"
Driver         "evdev"
Option     "Device" "/dev/input/dell_keyboard_2003"
Option         "XkbLayout" "us"
Option         "XkbModel" "pc105"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier     "Keyboard0.1"
Driver         "evdev"
Option     "Device" "/dev/input/by-id/usb-Logitech_USB_Receiver-event-kbd"
Option         "XkbLayout" "us"
Option         "XkbModel" "pc105"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier     "Keyboard1"
Driver         "evdev"
Option     "Device" "/dev/input/dell_keyboard_2105"
Option         "XkbLayout" "us"
Option         "XkbModel" "pc105"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier     "webcam_Button"
Driver         "evdev"
Option     "Device" "/dev/input/by-id/usb-046d_0809_BD4BC0AA-event-if00"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier     "X10_Lola.keyboard"
Driver         "evdev"
Option     "Device" "/dev/input/x10_lola"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier     "XmodControl.0"
Driver         "evdev"
Option     "Device" "/dev/input/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.2-usb-0:1.2:1.3-event"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier     "XmodControl.1"
Driver         "evdev"
Option     "Device" "/dev/input/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:1:1.3-event"
EndSection

#Section "Monitor"
#    # HorizSync source: edid, VertRefresh source: edid
#    Identifier     "Monitor0"
#    VendorName     "Unknown"
#    ModelName      "DELL 1907FP"
#    HorizSync       30.0 - 81.0
#    VertRefresh     56.0 - 76.0
#    Option         "DPMS"
#EndSection
Section "Monitor"
# HorizSync source: edid, VertRefresh source: edid
Identifier     "Monitor0"
VendorName     "Unknown"
ModelName      "ViewSonic VA2431 Series"
HorizSync       24.0 - 82.0
VertRefresh     50.0 - 75.0
Option         "DPMS"
#Option          "BlankTime"     "4"
#Option          "StandbyTime"   "1"
#Option          "SuspendTime"   "1"
#Option          "OffTime"       "5"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
# HorizSync source: edid, VertRefresh source: edid
Identifier     "Monitor1"
VendorName     "Unknown"
ModelName      "DELL 1901FP"
HorizSync       30.0 - 80.0
VertRefresh     56.0 - 76.0
Option         "DPMS"
Option          "BlankTime"     "4"
Option          "StandbyTime"   "1"
Option          "SuspendTime"   "1"
Option          "OffTime"       "5"

EndSection

Section "Device"
Identifier     "Device0"
Driver         "nvidia"
VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
BoardName      "GeForce 8500 GT"
BusID          "PCI:4:0:0"
EndSection

Section "Device"
Identifier     "Device1"
Driver         "nvidia"
VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
BoardName      "ION"
BusID          "PCI:7:0:0"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
Identifier     "Screen0"
Device         "Device0"
Monitor        "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth    24
Option         "TwinView" "0"
Option         "metamodes" "nvidia-auto-select +0+0"
SubSection     "Display"
Depth       24
EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "Screen"
Identifier     "Screen1"
Device         "Device1"
Monitor        "Monitor1"
DefaultDepth    24
Option         "TwinView" "0"
Option         "metamodes" "nvidia-auto-select +0+0"
SubSection     "Display"
Depth       24
EndSubSection
EndSection

#Section "ServerFlags"
# # Even if mouse detection fails, X will start
# Option "AllowMouseOpenFail" "yes"
#
# # VT switching is disabled
# Option "DontVTSwitch" "yes"
#
# # X restart (Ctrl+Alt+Backspace) is disabled
# # For some reason, this would cause Ctrl-C to terminate X
# #Option "DontZap" "yes"
#EndSection
/usr/share/config/kdm/kdmrc 
# File: /usr/share/config/kdm/kdmrc
#
# KDM master configuration file
#
# Definition: the greeter is the login dialog, i.e., the part of KDM
# which the user sees.
#
# You can configure every X-display individually.
# Every display has a display name, which consists of a host name
# (which is empty for local displays specified in {Static|Reserve}Servers),
# a colon, and a display number. Additionally, a display belongs to a
# display class (which can be ignored in most cases; the control center
# does not support this feature at all).
# Sections with display-specific settings have the formal syntax
# "[X-" host [":" number [ "_" class ]] "-" sub-section "]"
# You can use the "*" wildcard for host, number, and class. You may omit
# trailing components; they are assumed to be "*" then.
# The host part may be a domain specification like ".inf.tu-dresden.de".
# It may also be "+", which means non-empty, i.e. remote displays only.
# From which section a setting is actually taken is determined by these
# rules:
# - an exact match takes precedence over a partial match (for the host part),
#   which in turn takes precedence over a wildcard ("+" taking precedence
#   over "*")
# - precedence decreases from left to right for equally exact matches
# Example: display name "myhost:0", class "dpy".
# [X-myhost:0_dpy] precedes
# [X-myhost:0_*] (same as [X-myhost:0]) precedes
# [X-myhost:*_dpy] precedes
# [X-myhost:*_*] (same as [X-myhost]) precedes
# [X-+:0_dpy] precedes
# [X-*:0_dpy] precedes
# [X-*:0_*] (same as [X-*:0]) precedes
# [X-*:*_*] (same as [X-*])
# These sections do NOT match this display:
# [X-hishost], [X-myhost:0_dec], [X-*:1], [X-:*]
# If a setting is not found in any matching section, the default is used.
#
# Every comment applies to the following section or key. Note that all
# comments will be lost if you change this file with the systemsettings frontend.
# The defaults refer to KDM's built-in values, not anything set in this file.
#
# Special characters need to be backslash-escaped (leading and trailing
# spaces (\s), tab (\t), linefeed (\n), carriage return (\r) and the
# backslash itself (\\)).
# In lists, fields are separated with commas without whitespace in between.
# Some command strings are subject to simplified sh-style word splitting:
# single quotes (') and double quotes (") have the usual meaning; the backslash
# quotes everything (not only special characters). Note that the backslashes
# need to be doubled because of the two levels of quoting.

[General]
# This option exists solely for the purpose of a clean automatic upgrade.
# Do not even think about changing it!
ConfigVersion=2.4
# List of permanent displays. Displays with a hostname are foreign. A display
# class may be specified separated by an underscore.
# Default is ":0"
StaticServers=:0,:1
# List of on-demand displays. See StaticServers for syntax.
# Default is ""
ReserveServers=:2,:3,:4
# VTs to allocate to X-servers. A negative number means that the VT will be
# used only if it is free. If all VTs in this list are used up, the next free
# one greater than the last one in this list will be allocated.
# Default is ""
ServerVTs=-1
# TTYs (without /dev/) to monitor for activity while in console mode.
# Default is ""
ConsoleTTYs=tty1,tty2,tty3,tty4,tty5,tty6
# Where KDM should store its PID (do not store if empty).
# Default is ""
PidFile=/var/run/kdm.pid
# Whether KDM should lock the PID file to prevent having multiple KDM
# instances running at once. Do not change unless you are brave.
# Default is true
#LockPidFile=false
# Where to store authorization files.
# Default is "/var/run/xauth"
#AuthDir=/tmp
# Whether KDM should automatically re-read configuration files, if it
# finds them having changed.
# Default is true
#AutoRescan=false
# Additional environment variables KDM should pass on to all programs it runs.
# LD_LIBRARY_PATH and XCURSOR_THEME are good candidates;
# otherwise, it should not be necessary very often.
# Default is ""
#ExportList=LD_LIBRARY_PATH,ANOTHER_IMPORTANT_VAR
# A character device KDM should read entropy from.
# Empty means use the system's preferred entropy device.
# Default is ""
#RandomDevice=/dev/altrandom
# Where the command sockets should be created; make it empty to disable
# them.
# Default is "/var/run/xdmctl"
#FifoDir=/tmp
# The group to which the global command socket should belong;
# can be either a name or a numerical ID.
# Default is 0
#FifoGroup=xdmctl
# The user the greeter should run as. Empty results in root.
# Consider the impact on LogSource when setting it.
# Default is ""
GreeterUID=kdm
# The directory in which KDM should store persistent working data.
# Default is "/var/lib/kdm"
#DataDir=
# The directory in which KDM should store users' .dmrc files. This is only
# needed if the home directories are not readable before actually logging in
# (like with AFS).
# Default is ""
#DmrcDir=/nfs-shared/var/dmrcs

[Xdmcp]
# Whether KDM should listen to incoming XDMCP requests.
# Default is true
Enable=false
# The UDP port on which KDM should listen for XDMCP requests. Do not change.
# Default is 177
#Port=177
# File with the private keys of X-terminals. Required for XDM authentication.
# Default is ""
#KeyFile=/usr/share/config/kdm/kdmkeys
# XDMCP access control file in the usual XDM-Xaccess format.
# Default is "/usr/share/config/kdm/Xaccess"
Xaccess=/usr/share/config/kdm/Xaccess
# Number of seconds to wait for display to respond after the user has
# selected a host from the chooser.
# Default is 15
#ChoiceTimeout=10
# Strip domain name from remote display names if it is equal to the local
# domain.
# Default is true
#RemoveDomainname=false
# Use the numeric IP address of the incoming connection on multihomed hosts
# instead of the host name.
# Default is false
#SourceAddress=true
# The program which is invoked to dynamically generate replies to XDMCP
# DirectQuery or BroadcastQuery requests.
# If empty, no program is invoked and "Willing to manage" is sent.
# Default is ""
Willing=/usr/share/config/kdm/Xwilling

[Shutdown]
# The command (subject to word splitting) to run to halt the system.
# Default is "/sbin/shutdown -h -P now"
HaltCmd=/sbin/poweroff
# The command (subject to word splitting) to run to reboot the system.
# Default is "/sbin/shutdown -r now"
RebootCmd=/sbin/shutdown -r now
# Whether it is allowed to shut down the system via the global command socket.
# Default is false
#AllowFifo=true
# Whether it is allowed to abort active sessions when shutting down the
# system via the global command socket.
# Default is true
#AllowFifoNow=false
# The boot manager KDM should use for offering boot options in the
# shutdown dialog.
# "None" - no boot manager
# "Grub" - Grub boot manager
# "Grub2" - Grub2 boot manager
# "Burg" - Burg boot manager
# "Lilo" - Lilo boot manager (Linux on i386 & x86-64 only)
# Default is None
#BootManager=Grub

# Rough estimations about how many seconds KDM will spend at most on
# - opening a connection to the X-server (OpenTime) if the attempt
#   - times out: OpenTimeout
#   - is refused: OpenRepeat * OpenDelay
# - starting a local X-server (ServerTime):
#   ServerAttempts * (ServerTimeout + OpenDelay)
# - starting a display:
#   - local display: ServerTime + OpenTime
#   - foreign display: StartAttempts * OpenTime
#   - XDMCP display: OpenTime (repeated indefinitely by client)

# Core config for all displays
[X-*-Core]
# How long to wait before retrying to connect a display.
# Default is 15
#OpenDelay=15
# How long to wait before timing out a display connection attempt.
# Default is 120
#OpenTimeout=120
# How many connection attempts to make during a start attempt. Note that
# a timeout aborts the entire start attempt.
# Default is 5
#OpenRepeat=5
# Try at most that many times to start a display. If this fails, the display
# is disabled.
# Default is 4
#StartAttempts=4
# Ping remote display every that many minutes.
# Default is 5
#PingInterval=5
# Wait for a Pong that many minutes.
# Default is 5
#PingTimeout=5
# The name of this X-server's Xauth file.
# If empty, a random name in the AuthDir directory will be used.
# Default is ""
#AuthFile=
# Specify a file with X-resources for the greeter, chooser and background.
# The KDE frontend does not use this file, so you do not need it unless you
# use another background generator than krootimage.
# Default is ""
#Resources=
# The xrdb program to use to read the above specified recources.
# Subject to word splitting.
# Default is "/usr/bin/xrdb"
#Xrdb=
# A program to run before the greeter is shown. Can be used to start an
# xconsole or an alternative background generator. Subject to word splitting.
# Default is ""
Setup=/usr/share/config/kdm/Xsetup
# A program to run before a user session starts. Subject to word splitting.
# Default is ""
Startup=/usr/share/config/kdm/Xstartup
# A program to run after a user session exits. Subject to word splitting.
# Default is ""
Reset=/usr/share/config/kdm/Xreset
# The program which is run as the user which logs in. It is supposed to
# interpret the session argument (see SessionsDirs) and start an appropriate
# session according to it. Subject to word splitting.
# Default is "/usr/bin/xterm -ls -T"
Session=/usr/share/config/kdm/Xsession
# The program to run if Session fails.
# Default is "/usr/bin/xterm"
#FailsafeClient=
# The PATH for the Session program.
# Default is "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/games"
#UserPath=
# The PATH for Setup, Startup and Reset, etc.
# Default is "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
#SystemPath=
# The default system shell.
# Default is "/bin/sh"
#SystemShell=/bin/bash
# Where to put the user's X-server authorization file if ~/.Xauthority
# cannot be created.
# Default is "/tmp"
#UserAuthDir=
# If true, UserAuthDir will be used unconditionally.
# Default is false
#ForceUserAuthDir=true
# Whether to automatically restart sessions after X-server crashes.
# Note that enabling this makes circumventing screen lockers other than
# KDE's built-in one possible!
# Default is false
#AutoReLogin=true
# Allow root logins?
# Default is true
AllowRootLogin=false
# Allow to log in, when user has set an empty password?
# Default is true
AllowNullPasswd=false
# Who is allowed to shut down the system. This applies both to the
# greeter and to the command sockets.
# "None" - no "Shutdown..." menu entry is shown at all
# "Root" - the root password must be entered to shut down
# "All" - everybody can shut down the machine
# Default is All
AllowShutdown=Root
# Who is allowed to abort active sessions when shutting down.
# "None" - no forced shutdown is allowed at all
# "Root" - the root password must be entered to shut down forcibly
# "All" - everybody can shut down the machine forcibly
# Default is All
#AllowSdForceNow=Root
# The default choice for the shutdown condition/timing.
# "Schedule" - shut down after all active sessions exit (possibly at once)
# "TryNow" - shut down, if no active sessions are open; otherwise, do nothing
# "ForceNow" - shut down unconditionally
# Default is Schedule
#DefaultSdMode=ForceNow
# How to offer shutdown scheduling options:
# "Never" - not at all
# "Optional" - as a button in the simple shutdown dialogs
# "Always" - instead of the simple shutdown dialogs
# Default is Never
#ScheduledSd=Optional
# The directories containing session type definitions in .desktop format,
# ordered by falling priority.
# Default is "/usr/share/apps/kdm/sessions"
SessionsDirs=/usr/share/config/kdm/sessions,/usr/share/apps/kdm/sessions
# The file (relative to $HOME) to redirect the session output to. The
# following character pairs are replaced:
# - %d -> current display
# - %u -> current user
# - %r -> empty at first. See below.
# - %% -> a single %
# When the constructed filename cannot be used safely and the specification
# contains %<stuff>r, other names will be tried - this time expanding %<stuff>r
# to <stuff> followed by a random number.
# Default is ".xsession-errors"
ClientLogFile=.xsession-errors-%d
# Fallback when ClientLogFile cannot be used. The same expansions are
# supported. DO NOT use relative paths here.
# Default is "/tmp/xerr-%u-%d%-r"
#ClientLogFallback=/var/log/xsession-errors/%u-%d%-r
# Whether KDM's built-in utmp/wtmp/lastlog registration should be used.
# Default is true
#UseSessReg=false

# Greeter config for all displays
[X-*-Greeter]
# Specify the widget style for the greeter. Empty means to use the
# built-in default which currently is "Oxygen-air".
# Default is ""
#GUIStyle=Plastique
# Specify the widget color scheme for the greeter. Empty means to use the
# built-in default which currently is "Oxygen-air".
# Default is ""
#ColorScheme=MidnightMeadow
# What should be shown in the greeter's logo are:
# "None" - nothing
# "Logo" - the image specified by LogoPixmap
# "Clock" - a neat analog clock
# Default is Clock
LogoArea=Logo
# The image to show when LogoArea=Logo.
# Default is ""
LogoPixmap=/usr/share/apps/kdm/pics/kdelogo.png
# The relative coordinates (X,Y in percent) of the center of the greeter.
# Default is "50,50"
#GreeterPos=30,40
# The screen the greeter should be displayed on in multi-headed and Xinerama
# setups. The numbering starts with 0. For Xinerama, it corresponds to the
# listing order in the active ServerLayout section of XF86Config; -1 means
# to use the upper-left screen, -2 means to use the upper-right screen.
# Default is 0
#GreeterScreen=-1
# The headline in the greeter. The following character pairs are replaced:
# - %d -> current display
# - %h -> host name, possibly with domain name
# - %n -> node name, most probably the host name without domain name
# - %s -> the operating system
# - %r -> the operating system's version
# - %m -> the machine (hardware) type
# - %% -> a single %
# Default is "Welcome to %s at %n"
GreetString=Bending Fern Glade
# Whether the fonts used in the greeter should be antialiased.
# Default is false
AntiAliasing=true
# The font for the greeter headline. The value is encoded.
# Default is "Serif 20pt bold"
GreetFont=Serif,16,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
# The normal font used in the greeter. The value is encoded.
# Default is "Sans Serif 10pt"
StdFont=Sans Serif,10,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
# The font used for the "Login Failed" message. The value is encoded.
# Default is "Sans Serif 10pt bold"
FailFont=Sans Serif,10,-1,5,75,0,0,0,0,0
# What to do with the Num Lock modifier for the time the greeter is running:
# "Off" - turn off
# "On" - turn on
# "Keep" - do not change the state
# Default is Keep
#NumLock=Off
# Language and locale to use in the greeter, encoded like $LANGUAGE.
# If empty, the settings from the environment are used.
# Default is ""
#Language=de_DE
# Enable autocompletion in the username line edit.
# Default is false
UserCompletion=true
# Enable user list (names along with images) in the greeter.
# Default is true
#UserList=false
# User selection for UserCompletion and UserList:
# "NotHidden" - all users except those listed in HiddenUsers
# "Selected" - only the users listed in SelectedUsers
# Default is NotHidden
#ShowUsers=Selected
# For ShowUsers=Selected. @<group> means all users in that group.
# Default is ""
#SelectedUsers=root,johndoe
# For ShowUsers=NotHidden. @<group> means all users in that group.
# Default is ""
HiddenUsers=root
# Special case of HiddenUsers: users with a non-zero UID less than this number
# will not be shown as well.
# Default is 0
MinShowUID=1000
# Complement to MinShowUID: users with a UID greater than this number will
# not be shown as well.
# Default is 65535
MaxShowUID=65000
# If false, the users are listed in the order they appear in /etc/passwd.
# If true, they are sorted alphabetically.
# Default is true
#SortUsers=false
# Specify, where the users' pictures should be taken from.
# "AdminOnly" - from <facedir>/$USER.face[.icon]
# "PreferAdmin" - prefer <facedir>, fallback on $HOME
# "PreferUser" - ... and the other way round
# "UserOnly" - from the user's $HOME/.face[.icon]
# Default is AdminOnly
FaceSource=PreferUser
# The directory containing the user images if FaceSource is not UserOnly.
# Default is "/usr/share/apps/kdm/faces"
#FaceDir=/usr/share/faces
# Specify, if/which user should be preselected for log in.
# "None" - do not preselect any user
# "Previous" - the user which successfully logged in last time
# "Default" - the user specified in the DefaultUser option
# Default is None
#PreselectUser=Previous
# If this is true, the password input line is focused automatically if
# a user is preselected.
# Default is false
FocusPasswd=true
# If this is true, the entered password is echoed as bullets. Otherwise,
# no feedback is given at all.
# Default is true
#EchoPasswd=false
# If true, krootimage will be automatically started by KDM; otherwise, the
# Setup script should be used to setup the background.
# Default is true
#UseBackground=false
# The configuration file to be used by krootimage.
# Default is "/usr/share/config/kdm/backgroundrc"
BackgroundCfg=/usr/share/config/kdm/backgroundrc
# Whether to grab keyboard and mouse while the greeter is visible. Grabs
# may improve security, but make on-screen keyboards, etc. unusable.
# "Never" - never grab
# "IfNoAuth" - grab if the display requires no X authorization
# "Always" - always grab
# Default is IfNoAuth
#GrabInput=Always
# Hold the X-server grabbed the whole time the greeter is visible. This
# may be more secure, but it will disable any background and other
# X-clients started from the Setup script.
# Default is false
#GrabServer=true
# How many seconds to wait for grab to succeed.
# Default is 3
#GrabTimeout=3
# Warn, if display has no X-authorization (local auth cannot be created,
# XDMCP display wants no auth, or display is foreign from StaticServers).
# Default is true
#AuthComplain=false
# Random seed for forging saved session types, etc. of unknown users.
# This value should be random but constant across the login domain.
# Default is 0
ForgingSeed=1386325123
# Specify conversation plugins for the login dialog. Each plugin can be
# specified as a base name (which expands to $kde_modulesdir/kgreet_$base)
# or as a full pathname.
# Default is "classic"
#PluginsLogin=sign
# Same as PluginsLogin, but for the shutdown dialog.
# Default is "classic"
#PluginsShutdown=modern
# A list of options of the form Key=Value. The conversation plugins can query
# these settings; it is up to them what possible keys are.
# Default is ""
#PluginOptions=SomeKey=randomvalue,Foo=bar
# Show the "Console Login" action in the greeter (if ServerTTY/ConsoleTTYs
# is configured).
# Default is true
#AllowConsole=false
# A program to run while the greeter is visible. It is supposed to preload
# as much as possible of the session that is going to be started (most
# probably).
# Default is ""
Preloader=/usr/bin/preloadkde
# Whether the greeter should be themed.
# Default is false
UseTheme=true
# The theme to use for the greeter. Can point to either a directory or an XML
# file.
# Default is ""
Theme=/usr/share/apps/kdm/themes/elarun
# Enable the Alt-Ctrl-D shortcut to toggle greeter theme debugging.
# Default is false
#AllowThemeDebug=true

# Core config for local displays
[X-:*-Core]
# How often to try to run the X-server. Running includes executing it and
# waiting for it to come up.
# Default is 1
#ServerAttempts=1
# How long to wait for a local X-server to come up.
# Default is 30
#ServerTimeout=30
# The command line to start the X-server, without display number and VT spec.
# This string is subject to word splitting.
# Default is "/usr/bin/X"
ServerCmd=/usr/bin/X -br -novtswitch -quiet
# Additional arguments for the X-servers for local sessions.
# This string is subject to word splitting.
# Default is ""
ServerArgsLocal=-background none -nolisten tcp
# Additional arguments for the X-servers for remote sessions.
# This string is subject to word splitting.
# Default is ""
#ServerArgsRemote=
# The user the X-server should run as. Empty results in root.
# Default is ""
#ServerUID=_x11
# Restart instead of resetting the local X-server after session exit.
# Use it if the server leaks memory etc.
# Default is true
#TerminateServer=false
# Create X-authorizations for local displays.
# Default is true
#Authorize=false
# Which X-authorization mechanisms should be used.
# Default is "MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1"
#AuthNames=
# Need to reset the X-server to make it read initial Xauth file.
# Default is false
#ResetForAuth=true
# See above
AllowNullPasswd=false
# See above
AllowShutdown=All
# Enable password-less logins on this display. USE WITH EXTREME CARE!
# Default is false
#NoPassEnable=true
# The users that do not need to provide a password to log in. NEVER list root!
# "*" means all non-root users. @<group> means all users in that group.
# Default is ""
#NoPassUsers=fred,ethel

# Greeter config for local displays
[X-:*-Greeter]
# See above
PreselectUser=Previous
# See above
FocusPasswd=true
# Specify whether the greeter of local displays should start up in host chooser
# (remote) or login (local) mode and whether it is allowed to switch to the
# other mode.
# "LocalOnly" - only local login possible
# "DefaultLocal" - start up in local mode, but allow switching to remote mode
# "DefaultRemote" - ... and the other way round
# "RemoteOnly" - only choice of remote host possible
# Default is LocalOnly
LoginMode=DefaultLocal
# A list of hosts to be automatically added to the remote login menu. The
# special name "*" means broadcast.
# Default is "*"
#ChooserHosts=*,host1,host2,host3.local,login.domain.com
# Show the "Restart X Server"/"Close Connection" action in the greeter.
# Default is true
AllowClose=false

# Core config for 1st local display
[X-:0-Core]
# The VT the X-server should run on; auto-assign if zero, don't assign if -1.
# Better leave it zero and use ServerVTs.
# Default is 0
ServerVT=7
# Enable automatic login. USE WITH EXTREME CARE!
# Default is false
#AutoLoginEnable=true
# If true, auto-login after logout. If false, auto-login is performed only
# when a display session starts up.
# Default is false
#AutoLoginAgain=true
# The delay in seconds before automatic login kicks in.
# Default is 0
#AutoLoginDelay=10
# The user to log in automatically. NEVER specify root!
# Default is ""
#AutoLoginUser=fred
# The password for the user to log in automatically. This is NOT required
# unless the user is logged into a NIS or Kerberos domain. If you use this
# option, you should "chmod 600 kdmrc" for obvious reasons.
# Default is ""
#AutoLoginPass=secret!
# Immediately lock the automatically started session. This works only with
# KDE sessions.
# Default is false
#AutoLoginLocked=true
# See above
ClientLogFile=.xsession-errors
# See above
ServerArgsLocal=-nolisten tcp -novtswitch -keeptty -config xorg.conf -layout Seat0

# Greeter config for 1st local display
[X-:0-Greeter]
# See above
PreselectUser=Default
# The user to preselect if PreselectUser=Default.
# Default is ""
DefaultUser=user1
# See above
BackgroundCfg=/usr/share/config/kdm/backgroundrc.seat0
# See above
FocusPasswd=true
# See above
GreeterPos=0,100
# See above
LoginMode=DefaultLocal
# See above
LogoArea=None
# See above
UserCompletion=false
# See above
UserList=false
# See above
Preloader=/usr/bin/preloadkde

[X-:1-Greeter]
# See above
BackgroundCfg=/usr/share/config/kdm/backgroundrc.seat1
# See above
DefaultUser=user2
# See above
FocusPasswd=true
# See above
GreeterPos=100,100
# See above
LoginMode=DefaultLocal
# See above
LogoArea=None
# See above
PreselectUser=Default
# See above
UserCompletion=false
# See above
UserList=false

[X-:1-Core]
# See above
AutoLoginEnable=false
# See above
AutoLoginLocked=false
# See above
AutoLoginUser=
# See above
ServerArgsLocal=-nolisten tcp -sharevts -keeptty -config xorg.conf -layout Seat1
# See above
ServerVT=9
/usr/share/config/kdm/backgroundrc.seat0 
# File: /usr/share/config/kdm/backgroundrc.seat0

[Desktop0]
BackgroundMode=Flat
BlendBalance=100
BlendMode=NoBlending
ChangeInterval=60
Color1=0,0,200
Color2=192,192,0
CurrentWallpaper=/usr/share/config/kdm/20100519-190000.jpg
LastChange=0
MinOptimizationDepth=1
MultiWallpaperMode=NoMulti
Pattern=fish
Program=
ReverseBlending=false
UseSHM=false
Wallpaper=/usr/share/config/kdm/20100519-190000.jpg
WallpaperMode=ScaleAndCrop
/usr/share/config/kdm/backgroundrc.seat1 
# File: /usr/share/config/kdm/backgroundrc.seat1

[Desktop0]
BackgroundMode=Flat
BlendBalance=100
BlendMode=NoBlending
ChangeInterval=60
Color1=0,0,200
Color2=192,192,192
CurrentWallpaper=/usr/share/config/kdm/20100519-185835.jpg
LastChange=0
MinOptimizationDepth=1
MultiWallpaperMode=NoMulti
Pattern=fish
Program=
ReverseBlending=false
UseSHM=false
Wallpaper=/usr/share/config/kdm/20100519-185835.jpg
WallpaperMode=ScaleAndCrop
/etc/udev/rules.d/90-creative-xmod.rules 
# File: /etc/udev/rules.d/90-creative-xmod.rules

# udev rules to disginguish the two Creative usb sound cards that plug into the usb hub

#DEVPATH=="/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-6/1-6.7/1-6.7.1*", GOTO="CreativeXmodLEFT"
#DEVPATH=="/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-6/1-6.4*", GOTO="CreativeXmodRIGHT"

DEVPATH=="/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb*/*-6/*-6.7/*-6.7.1*", GOTO="CreativeXmodLEFT"
DEVPATH=="/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb*/*-6/*-6.4*", GOTO="CreativeXmodRIGHT"

GOTO="CreativeXmodEnd"

##### LEFT SEAT
LABEL="CreativeXmodLEFT"

ENV{ID_MODEL}="Creative_Xmod_LeftSeat", ENV{ID_MODEL_ENC}="Creative\x20Xmod\x20LeftSeat", ENV{ID_SERIAL}="Creative_Technology_Ltd_Creative_Xmod_LeftSeat", ENV{NAME}="Creative Xmod leftSeat"
SYMLINK=="input/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:6.7.1:1.3-event", SYMLINK+="input/by-id/CreativeXmod-Button-LeftSeat"
SYMLINK=="snd/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:6.7.1:1.0", SYMLINK+="snd/by-id/usb-Creative_Technology_Ltd_Creative_Xmod-LeftSeat"

#ENV{ID_MODEL}="Creative_Xmod", SYMLINK+="snd/by-id/usb-Creative_Technology_Ltd_Creative_Xmod-LeftSeat"

GOTO="CreativeXmodEnd"
### END LEFT ###

# RIGHT SEAT
LABEL="CreativeXmodRIGHT"

ENV{ID_MODEL}="Creative_Xmod_RightSeat", ENV{ID_MODEL_ENC}="Creative\x20Xmod\x20RightSeat", ENV{ID_SERIAL}="Creative_Technology_Ltd_Creative_Xmod_RightSeat", NAME="Creative Xmod RightSeat"
SYMLINK=="input/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:6.4:1.3-event", SYMLINK+="input/by-id/CreativeXmod-Button-RightSeat"
SYMLINK=="snd/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:6.4:1.0", SYMLINK+="snd/by-id/usb-Creative_Technology_Ltd_Creative_Xmod-RightSeat"

### END RIGHT ###

### common ened

LABEL="CreativeXmodEnd"
]]> 憶老方 2015-03-06T05:43:00.001Z https://blog.tklee.org/zh/posts/0543-憶老方/ 老方是我師大附中三年的導師。年初他病逝，我們694班同學在臉書上私人社團裡，紛紛表達對他的懷念。我人在遠方，無法親自參加公祭，託同學把我對他的懷念和感謝帶上。

憶老方

老方是我師大附中三年的導師。年初他病逝，我們694班同學在臉書上私人社團裡，紛紛表達對他的懷念。我人在遠方，無法親自參加公祭，託同學把我對他的懷念和感謝帶上。

在那個時代，給老師取綽號算是不敬。老方知道我們在背後這麼叫他，卻一笑置之。回想起來，「老方」的暱稱，和益師益友的他其實很相襯。

老方教數學，扎實的數學底子，讓我一生受益無窮。但我特別欣賞的，是他在課堂上不做作的態度。有時候他導公式寫了滿黑板，最後發現結果不對，他會請同學幫忙一起看，然後發現之前錯了一步時，他會拍頭一笑，回過重來。這種和學生一起探索的態度，和我與國外博士班指導教授討論想法，竟有異曲同工之妙。後來在工作上，我也用一樣的態度來帶新進的人員。我帶出來的人，特別有實驗精神，敢於表達意見，也讓我的團隊贏得最有創意的名聲。

老方對同學們一視同仁，但我個人有個印象深刻的小故事。

社團是附中特色之一。學生們在社團裡學習經營，發揮創意，結交朋友。但不少社團幹部會因此而影響學業，所以如果成績太離譜，學校會發一張「紅單子」，讓學業成績太離譜的學生不得再擔任幹部。有趣的是，在社聯會（所有社團幹部的聯誼會）裡，「拿紅單子」有時候反而被視為努力經營社團的光榮象徵。

高二時我擔任社團社長，把大部分心力都用在社團經營上，成績一度跌落谷底。有一天，老方把我叫到他辦公室；我當然知道他要說什麼，但我覺得反正他不可能了解社團人的執著，準備好硬著頭皮聽訓，聽完就算了。

進到他辦公室，他看著我笑了笑，問我知不知道他為什麼叫我來。我點了點頭。沒想到他說，「那就好。沒其他事了。」

霎時間，所有我事前的心戰策略全無用武之地。他輕輕一點，讓簡單的真理乍現：你成績怎樣是你的事，你知道自己在幹什麼就好。

雖然這好像是廢話，但我之前在一個逼讀文化（不管是當面逼，還是用制度逼）下成長學習，這是第一次看到師長直接移步側站，讓我自己去面對問題、抉擇及後果。

老方那句話，是我這輩子最後一次讓別人來擔心我的學業。

傳道，授業，解惑，老方也。

(My high school homeroom teacher passed away, and this is my tribute and eulogy to him. There's no English translation from me, yet.)

]]>